谁嫁给了詹姆斯二世 (英格蘭)？

詹姆斯二世（英語：James II；1633年10月24日—1701年9月16日）是1685至1688年間在位的英格兰、爱尔兰和苏格兰国王，在蘇格蘭號詹姆斯七世（英語：James VII）。他是最后一位信奉天主教的英国君主。其君主专制、尊崇天主教和打压基督新教的宗教政策都遭到英国臣民强烈反对，最终在1688年光荣革命中被剥夺英国王位。

詹姆斯在少年時期因圓顱黨的革命被關押於聖詹姆士宮，於1648年奉其父查理一世之命逃至法國，他加入法軍並在名將蒂雷納子爵下服役。1660年在英格兰共和国垮台後，詹姆斯的兄長查理二世即位。他在王國政壇中擔任海軍大臣，並在這段時期皈依了天主教。

1685年查理二世去世，詹姆斯作為第一繼承人即位為詹姆斯二世，他在位初期成功鎮壓兩次叛亂，但在光荣革命中因手下的倒戈而不敵荷蘭入侵部隊，最終被推翻並逃至法蘭西王國尋求路易十四的庇護。他死后，他的儿子詹姆斯·弗朗西斯·爱德华·斯图亚特和孙子查尔斯·爱德华·斯图亚特还继续策划恢复詹姆斯党的王位，但最終没有成功。

英格兰国王詹姆斯二世即位前曾受封为约克公爵。1667年第二次英荷戰爭结束，英格兰王国成功夺取了一部分荷兰殖民地，其中就包括地处北美洲大西洋沿岸的新阿姆斯特丹，时任英格兰国王查理二世就以其同父同母弟弟约克公爵詹姆斯（1685年－1688年在位为英格兰国王詹姆斯二世）的这一封号，将新阿姆斯特丹改名为新約克（New York，音译为“纽约”，即当时的纽约省）。

Anne Hyde (12 March 1637 – 31 March 1671) was the first wife of James, Duke of York, who later became King James II and VII.

Anne was the daughter of a member of the English gentry—Edward Hyde (later created Earl of Clarendon)—and met her future husband when they were both living in exile in the Netherlands. She married James in 1660 and two months later gave birth to the couple's first child, who had been conceived out of wedlock. Some observers disapproved of the marriage, but James's brother, King Charles II of England, wanted the marriage to take place. Another cause of disapproval was the public affection James showed toward Anne. They had eight children, of whom six died in early childhood; the two who reached adulthood were future monarchs, Mary II and Anne. James was a known philanderer who kept many mistresses, for which Anne often reproached him, and he fathered many illegitimate children.

Originally an Anglican, Anne converted to Catholicism soon after her marriage to James. She had been exposed to Catholicism during visits to the Netherlands and France and was strongly attracted thereto. Partly due to Anne's influence, James also converted to Catholicism, which ultimately led to the Glorious Revolution. She developed advanced breast cancer and died shortly after giving birth to her eighth child.

Mary of Modena (Italian: Maria Beatrice Eleonora Anna Margherita Isabella d'Este; 5 October [O.S. 25 September] 1658 – 7 May [O.S. 26 April] 1718) was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland as the second wife of James VII and II. A devout Roman Catholic, Mary married the widower James, who was then the younger brother and heir presumptive of Charles II. She was devoted to James and their children, two of whom survived to adulthood: the Jacobite claimant to the thrones, James Francis Edward, and Louisa Maria Teresa.

Born a princess of the northwestern Italian Duchy of Modena, Mary is primarily remembered for the controversial birth of Prince James Francis Edward, her only surviving son. It was widely rumoured that he was smuggled into the birth chamber in a warming pan in order to perpetuate her husband's Roman Catholic Stuart dynasty. James Francis Edward's birth was a contributing factor to the "Glorious Revolution", the revolution which deposed James II and VII, and replaced him with Mary II, a Protestant, the elder of James II's daughters from his first marriage to Anne Hyde (1637–1671). Mary II and her husband, William III of Orange, would reign jointly over all three kingdoms.

Mary went into exile in France, being known as the "Queen over the Water" among the Jacobites. She lived with her husband and children in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, provided by King Louis XIV. Mary was popular among Louis's courtiers; James, however, was considered a bore. In widowhood, Mary spent time with the nuns at the Convent of Chaillot, frequently during summers with her daughter, Louisa Maria Teresa. In 1701, when James II died, young James Francis Edward, aged 13, became king in the eyes of the Jacobites. Given that he was too young to assume the nominal reins of government, Mary represented him until he reached the age of 16. When James Francis Edward was asked to leave France as part of the settlement from the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, which ended the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), Mary stayed despite having no family there, her daughter having died of smallpox. Fondly remembered by her French contemporaries, Mary died of breast cancer in 1718.