谁嫁给了匈雅提·亚诺什?
Erzsébet Szilágyi 结婚了 匈雅提·亚诺什 。
匈雅提·亚诺什
匈雅提·亚诺什(匈牙利語:Hunyadi János;克羅地亞語:Janko Hunjadi,塞爾維亞語:Сибињанин Јанко,羅馬化:Sibinjanin Janko,羅馬尼亞語:Ioan de Hunedoara;約1406年—1456年8月11日),特兰西瓦尼亚总督、匈牙利王国大将军和摄政,马加什一世之父,受國民讚譽的民族英雄。匈雅提是15世紀中歐和東南歐的重要的軍事和政治人物。根據大多數當代資料,他是瓦拉幾亞血統的貴族家庭的成員。他在遭受奧斯曼帝國襲擊的匈牙利王國南部邊境地區掌握了軍事技能。1441年,他被任命為特蘭西瓦尼亞總督和南部一些伯國的領袖,負責保衛邊境。
1439年,匈雅提在賽曼德雷沃擊敗土耳其軍隊,由此進入了匈牙利的政治中心。同年,國王阿爾布雷希特病逝,他經過一系列政治鬥爭,成為了匈牙利的攝政。執政後,他排解貴族之間的對立,收拾混亂的局面,又進行卓越的軍事改革。他雇用捷克的胡斯派傭兵,組建堅固的車營和車陣,引入傭兵當作軍官,將馬車用於軍事目的。而車營裡的士兵主要使用槍炮等火器,負責維持戰線;其外他重整民兵體系,徵召地方的農民作守土民兵(民兵雖不是精銳前鋒,但可以做為戰場的多數群眾),他提倡義大利的民兵訓練,並且鼓勵馬札爾人重組過去的輕騎兵,逐步增強臨時兵源的素質;且盡可能雇用西歐的騎士,他們的衝擊力道勝過東歐騎兵,板金甲冑足以抵擋大部分的攻擊。這些改革締造他在1440年代前期對鄂圖曼土耳其的多次勝利。他在1443-44年成功穿越巴爾干山脈的“長距戰鬥”確立了他作為大將軍的聲譽,雖然這也因1444年的瓦爾納戰役和1448年的第二次科索沃戰役受到了打擊。
匈雅提·亚诺什也是一位傑出的政治家。他代表前者積極參與了1440年代早期匈牙利王位的兩個宣稱者瓦迪斯瓦夫三世和未成年人拉斯洛五世的游擊隊之間的內戰。在小貴族中頗受歡迎,匈牙利議會於1445年任命他為負責管理國家事務的七位“總司令”之一,直到拉斯洛五世(當時被一致接受為國王)成年。下一屆議會更進一步,選舉匈雅提為唯一攝政王,並擁有總督頭銜。當他在1452年辭去這個職務時,君主授予他匈牙利王國的第一個世襲頭銜(Beszterce/Bistrița的永久伯爵)。他此時已成為王國最富有的地主之一,並在國會中保持著自己的影響力,直到他去世。
1456年,匈雅提率軍成功保衛貝爾格萊德(时称南多尔费黑尔堡,Nándorfehérvár),擊敗鄂圖曼土耳其10萬大軍,挫敗了其對於東南歐的戰略意圖。在保衛貝爾格萊德期間,教皇命令歐洲教堂在中午敲響鐘聲,聚集信徒為那些戰鬥的人祈禱。基督教教堂的鐘聲在中午敲響,以紀念貝爾格萊德的勝利。這場戰爭為他帶了了空前的聲望,教宗庇護二世稱呼他為基督徒中的冠軍(拉丁語:Athleta Christi)。但匈雅提卻於當地感染十字軍營地中爆發的疾病,在戰爭勝利三個星期後的1456年8月11日死去,終年50歲。
匈雅提·亚诺什對內穩定政局,對外擊敗外敵,他對土耳其人的勝利延緩了其他們入侵匈牙利王國超過60年。由於他的聲望,他的兒子马加什一世(Matthias Corvinus)被1457年議會選舉為國王。匈雅提是研究該地區歷史的熱點人物,被當地的諸民族銘記至今。
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Erzsébet Szilágyi
Erzsébet Szilágyi (Hungarian: Szilágyi Erzsébet, c. 1410–1483) was a Hungarian noblewoman, wife of John Hunyadi and mother of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary.
Elizabeth was the daughter of Ladislaus Szilágyi and Catherine Bellyéni, members of two influential Hungarian families of the 15th century that were loyal to the King Sigismund of Hungary. She had several siblings, including Mihály Szilágyi, who had an important role after the death of Elizabeth's husband, John Hunyadi. Hunyadi was the regent of the Kingdom of Hungary and supreme commander of the armies, an excellent fighter, that counted with the favor of the Pope for confronting the Ottoman Empire. He was the most powerful nobleman of the Kingdom had huge estates and hundreds of lower noblemen that supported him. After his death in 1456, his older son Ladislaus Hunyadi became the head of the House of Hunyadi, however after murdering Count Ulrich von Cilli, the counselor of the King Ladislaus V of Hungary, he was executed. Then Elizabeth's only son Matthias Corvinus of Hungary was taken to Prague by the young King, who feared for his life before the instability caused by the execution of Ladislaus Hunyadi. Mihály Szilágyi and Elizabeth founded Szilágyi – Hunyadi Liga and became the leaders of this Liga, and after the sudden death of King Ladislaus (possibly poisoned), she negotiated the release of Matthias, who was soon elected as King of Hungary in 1458.
After this, Elizabeth became the mother of the King, and continued being a great influence in the Kingdom. Matthias had an illegitimate son in 1473, and soon was sent to the estates of his grandmother, who raised him with the best teachers of the Kingdom. The illegitimate John Corvinus never became King of Hungary after the death of Matthias because of the pressure of the noblemen and the widow of the monarch, but enjoyed titles and properties, fighting the Turkish armies until the end of his life as his grandfather and father did before. His grandmother Elizabeth lived in Óbuda most of his life, and founded several monasteries and chapels, following her deeply religious beliefs. She died around 1483.
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